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Write a multi-paragraph well structured, well-thought essays that are analytical, directly answer the questions and deliver the messages that you are asked to deliver. Explain the Western Civilization transformation as a result of its interaction with the Muslim World. Describe how the interactions between the Muslim empires and the Christian kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula as well as in the Eastern Europe caused new developments in the Western Civilization. Please make sure their is zero plagiarism. I am also providing the lecture notes. 5 paragraphs and 700 words
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A History of
Western
Society
Twelfth Edition
CHAPTER 6
The Roman Empire
27 B.C.E.–284 C.E.
I. Augustus’s Reign
The Principate
Augustus’s Responsibilities After
Civil Wars
Single Ruler Holds Real Power
Augustus Elected Tribune and
Consul Every Year
Named Imperator and Pontifex
Maximus
I. Augustus’s Reign
The Principate
Princeps Civitatis
The Principate and Peace
Augustus Limits the Senate’s
Power
The Senate Adapts
I. Augustus’s Reign
The Principate
Creates the Office of Emperor
Permanent Standing Army
Soldiers
Career Officers
I. Augustus’s Reign
The Principate
Legions and Auxiliary Forces
Tax on Inheritance and Sales
Colonies of Veterans
Army’s Loyalty to Augustus as
Person
Political and Military System Lasts
Three Centuries
I. Augustus’s Reign
Roman Expansion
Complete Conquest of Spain
The Roman Road System
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
The Roman Frontier
Build Walls, Forts, and
Watchtowers
I. Augustus’s Reign
Roman Expansion
Fortified Camps Along the
Northern Border
Trading with the Native Peoples
Spread of Roman Culture in the
North
Roman Camps Grow into Cities
The Cult of Rome and Augustus
I. Augustus’s Reign
Roman Expansion
Cult Spreads in the Eastern
Mediterranean
Symbol of Roman Unity
Augustus Portrayed on Coins and
Stone Arches
The Res Gestae Divi Augusti
The Pax Romana
I. Augustus’s Reign
Roman Expansion
Conquered Peoples’ Views on
Roman Conquest
Troops Enforce the Pax Romana
Local People Allowed to Keep
Their Own Laws
Roman Culture Not Forced on
Conquered Peoples
Lugdunum Blend Roman and
Native Culture
I. Augustus’s Reign
The Flowering of Latin Literature
Golden Age of Latin Literature, 50
B.C.E to 20 C.E.
Poets and Writers Focus on the
Joys of a Peaceful Life
Virgil
The Aeneid
Augustus Approves of the Aeneid
I. Augustus’s Reign
The Flowering of Latin Literature
Horace
Livy
Ovid
Augustus Banishes Ovid
I. Augustus’s Reign
Marriage and Morality
Concern with Morality and Roman
Virtues
Augustus Promotes Marriage and
Childbearing
Adultery as a Crime
Augustus’s Family Model of
Traditional Morality
I. Augustus’s Reign
Marriage and Morality
Augustus’s Daughter Arrested and
Exiled for Adultery
Same-sex Relationships Declared
Immoral
Same-sex Relationships Among
Men
II. Augustus’s
Successors
The Julio-Claudians and the
Flavians
No Office, No Successor
Augustus Shares Powers with
Tiberius
Tiberius Takes Over Principate
The Julio-Claudians
Strong and Weak Rulers
II. Augustus’s
Successors
The Julio-Claudians and the
Flavians
The Praetorians
The Praetorians Murder Caligula
Widespread Disruption and Civil
War After Nero’s Death
Year of the Four Emperors
Vespasian Establishes the Flavian
Dynasty
II. Augustus’s
Successors
The Julio-Claudians and the
Flavians
Vespasian Restores Discipline of
the Armies and Suppresses
Rebellions
Revolt in Judea Put Down
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius
End of the Flavian Dynasty
II. Augustus’s
Successors
The Age of the “Five Good
Emperors”
The “Five Good Emperors”
Increasing Amount of Power Held
by One Man
Emperors Influence More Areas of
Life and Government
Hadrian
Emperor Trajan Gives Hadrian
Important Positions
II. Augustus’s
Successors
The Age of the “Five Good
Emperors”
Hadrian Assumes Power
Builds Pantheon and New
Temples
Builds a More Efficient State and
Increases Authority
Trajan Expands Empire to the
Farthest Extent
Hadrian’s Wall
Army Increases
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Life in Imperial Rome
Poorly Built Houses
Take Any Available Work
Many Slaves, from Tutors to
Physical Laborers
Slaves Try to Escape
Possibility of Manumission
Law Limits Manumission
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Life in Imperial Rome
Typical Day for a Roman Family
Diets of the Poor and Wealthy
Mix Water with Wine
Begin Education at Home
Education for Girls and Boys
Wealthy Boys Receive Formal
Training
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Approaches to Urban Problems
Common Problems in Rome
System to Collect Sewage and
Aqueducts
Aqueducts Improve Daily Life
Treatments to Stay Healthy and
Cure Illnesses
Galen
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Approaches to Urban Problems
Bloodletting, Research, and
Treatments for Wounds
The Antonine Plague
Prevention of Starvation and
Bread Riots
Grain at Low Prices for
Noncitizens
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Popular Entertainment
Bread and Circuses
Popular Forms of Entertainment
Gladiatorial Combat
Prisoners of War, Criminals, and
Poor Immigrants Become
Gladiators
Trained and Legally Slaves
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Popular Entertainment
Not Always Fighting to the Death
Most Romans Enjoy Gladiatorial
Fighting
Romans Love Chariot Racing
Gaius Appuleius Diocles
Work, Family, and Friends Hold
More Importance
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Prosperity in the Roman
Provinces
Melding of Cultures
Blending Latin with Native and
Immigrant Languages
Hybrid Deities and Rituals
Cultural Exchange Begins in
Urban Areas
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Prosperity in the Roman
Provinces
Garrison Towns Become Political
Centers and Major Cities
Wealthy Build Country Estates
Gaul Becomes Prosperous
Strong Roman Influence in Britain
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Prosperity in the Roman
Provinces
Weak Influence in Eastern Europe
Eastern Mediterranean Stuck in
Hellenistic Past
Aspendos
Intellectual and Cultural Centers
Span the Entire Mediterranean
Life in Provincial Cities Nearly as
Nice as in Rome
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Trade and Commerce
Expansion of Trade
Different Areas Produce Grain,
Wine, and Wheat
Production of Olive Oil
Centers of Glassmaking, Bronze,
and Brass
Kilns
Spread of Terra Sigillata
III. Rome and the
Provinces
Trade and Commerce
Decorate Pots with Greco-Roman
Gods and Heroes
Trade and Industry Links Europe
and Western Asia
Romans Fail at Driving Out the
Parthians
The East Trades Silk for Roman
Goods
Sail from Egyptian Ports to Indus
River
Romans Not Interested with China
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
Factors Behind the Rise of
Christianity
Jewish Leaders Take Sides in Civil
Wars
Zealots and Militant
Apocalypticism
Pagan Beliefs and Practices
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth
Evidence for Jesus’s Life in the
New Testament
Discrepancies in the Four Gospels
Differing Opinions of Jesus
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
Agreements on Jesus’s Teachings
Teachings Based on Conception
of God and Morality
Deviation from Jewish Orthodoxy
Followers Believe Jesus as the
Messiah
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Life and Teachings of Jesus
Establish a Spiritual Kingdom
Pontius Pilate
Pilate Condemns Jesus to
Crucifixion
Jesus Rises from the Dead
Resurrection as Central Element
of Faith
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Spread of Christianity
The Eucharist
Start of the Religion of Christianity
Paul of Tarsus Spreads Jesus’s
Teachings
Paul Converts to Christianity
Turns Jesus’s Ideas into Moral
Teachings
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Spread of Christianity
Christianity Turns into a Separate
Religion
Roman Roads Make Jesus’s
Teachings Universal
The Earliest Converts
Missionaries Spread Message
Women Active in Spreading
Christianity
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Spread of Christianity
Promise of Immortality to All
Christians Favor Burial Over
Cremation
Creation of Catacombs
Catacombs Contain Christian,
Jewish, or Secular Art
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Spread of Christianity
Possibility of Forgiveness
Goal of Spreading the Word of
God
Sense of Community
Follow the Commandment to Love
One Another
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Growing Acceptance and
Evolution of Christianity
Roman Empire Initially Opposes
Christianity
Christians Considered Dissidents
View Christian Rituals as Immoral
Fear of Christian Beliefs and Type
of Kinship
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Growing Acceptance and
Evolution of Christianity
Local and Sporadic Tortures and
Executions
Pagan Hostility Decreases
Trajan Leaves Christians in Peace
Waning Belief in Jesus Coming
Again
IV. The Coming of
Christianity
The Growing Acceptance and
Evolution of Christianity
Institutions and Officials Emerge
Bishops
Judgments of Heresy
Theological Explanations of
Complex Issues
Christianity Becomes Powerful in
the Second Century
V. The Empire in
Disarray
Civil Wars and Military
Commanders
Problems during the Reign of
Marcus Aurelius
Meditations
Successors Misrule
Commodus Killed and Five Men
Claim Throne
Septimius Severus Restores
Order
V. The Empire in
Disarray
Civil Wars and Military
Commanders
Differing Views on Septimius’s
Military Reforms
Caracalla Makes All Free Males
Citizens
The Age of the Barracks Emperors
Military Commanders Leave
Borders Vulnerable
V. The Empire in
Disarray
Turmoil in Economic Life
Chaos Spreads Throughout
Empire
Corrupt Officials
Agricultural Productivity and Value
of Currency Declines
Romans Keep Control of
Mediterranean
Roads Fall into Disrepair
Crisis in the Roman Empire, 284
C.E.
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700 Words
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western civilization
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muslim
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