Question Description
I’m working on a history question and need an explanation and answer to help me learn.
What were the three tenets Wilson stuck to after the failure of his “14 Points?”
Who did the US Navy see as its two primary adversaries? Why?
What was seen as the most important capability of an “air force?”
Why was there such resistance against declaring the Air Force its own service?
Why was there no emphasis put on developing an effective armored force?
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The Inter-War Years,
1919-1941
Fallout From the Great War
• Strategic focus shifted from Europe to Imperial Japan (and Britain?)
• Isolationist tendencies kicked back in, and America departed the European
stage after Wilson’s failure to dictate the peace terms (did this lead to Nazi
Germany?)
• National Defense strategy shifted back to the Navy
• U.S. government once again demonstrated its fear of a standing army,
troop strength went from just under 4,000,000 (late 1918) to just
under 200,000 (early 1919)
• Plan became to maintain “skeleton divisions,” led by World War I
veterans (didn’t always work out)
Sea Power
• While General Mitchell proved the efficacy of air power against a
navy, traditional navy thinkers were reluctant to focus on aviation
• America’s first two aircraft carriers were very technologically
advanced, but no one knew how to use them
• War Plan ORANGE dictated the potential need for amphibious
assaults, so the Marines were given a massive task to develop an
amphibious assault doctrine
• Naval advancements were dictated by treatise, and while the U.S.
stuck to the terms, it shifted assets around to focus on what was
thought to be most important (heavy cruisers)
The Army
• The army was, once again, forced to downsize drastically
• The idea of having a wide variety of units but having them minimally
manned and equipped led to a loss of planning focus
• One of the most important lessons learned was that mobilizing an
army could only happen as fast as they could be equipped
• Priority was given to maintaining personnel over new weapons
• Air Corps was developed in response to aviation’s impact during WWI
• Main function of air power was seen as bombardment, all other
functions of Air Corps supported that
Building Towards War
• The U.S. military began seriously rearming in 1933
Event
U.S. Army
manpower
U.S. Marines
manpower
Bombers (approx.)
Armored Vehicles (all
types)
Heavy Cruisers
Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931)
140,516
16,782
0
0
16
Nazis take complete control of Germany (1933)
136,547
16,068
17
0
19
Germany begins rearmament (1935)
139,486
17,260
120
0
23
Germany reoccupies the Rhineland (1936)
167.816
17,248
200
0
24
Full-scale Japanese invasion of China (1937)
179,968
18,223
250
150
27
Germany invades Poland (1939)
189,839
19,432
300
267
35
• Japan dropped out of the Five-Power Treaty in 1936
• Germany produced 3,502 tanks (of all kinds) by 1939
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Explanation & Answer:
5 Questions
Tags:
American history
Air Force
armored force
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